Back-Seat Driver——指手劃腳的人

** an annoying passenger in a car who offers unneeded advice to the driver （車內煩人的乘客，向駕駛員提供不需要的建議）// anyone who interferes without having real responsibility or authority（任何干涉但沒有真正責任或權威的人）// a person who offers advice on matters which do not concern them（一個與他們無關卻提供事項建議的人）

~~ 只會出一張嘴的人；多（好）管閒事的人；多嘴多舌瞎出主意者；不負責任亂提建議者；幕後指揮（操控）者；垂簾聽政者；喧賓奪主者；企圖越俎代庖（越權）者；政治評論家

~~ backseat driver // Monday-morning quarterback // armchair general // armchair quarterback // sidewalk superintendent // fault-finder // denigrator

!! In 1920s, the term referred to a passenger, often sitting in the backseat, legitimately giving directions to a chauffeur. Soon after, it was transferred to mean a passenger in a vehicle who is not controlling the vehicle but who excessively comments on the driver's actions and decisions in an attempt to control the vehicle.

（在二十世紀，該術語通常指坐在後座的一名乘客，合法地指導司機。不久後，它被轉移到車輛中的乘客，他沒有控制車輛但過度評價駕駛員的行為和決定，以圖控制車輛。）

>> Tell me what exactly I can change to improve, not just your criticisms. I don’t need any backseat driver on this essay.

（告訴我究竟怎樣做才能改進，而不僅僅是你的批評。在這個文章上我不需要指手畫腳的人。）

>> John's wife is a back-seat driver; she so often manipulates John's words and deeds that causes him to have no initiatives.

（約翰的太太是一個指手劃腳的人，經常在背後操縱約翰的言行，使他沒有主見。）

學勤進修教育中心英語專科導師

李啟文 教授